What effect does soil compaction have on water infiltration?

Soil compaction significantly decreases water infiltration due to the resulting changes in soil structure. When soil is compacted, soil particles are pressed together more tightly, reducing the pore spaces between them. These pore spaces are crucial for the movement of air and water through the soil.

As a consequence of compacted soil, water has a harder time being absorbed and passing through the ground. This leads to a reduced capacity of the soil to absorb and retain moisture, often resulting in surface runoff instead of infiltration. In agricultural practices, this can negatively impact crop growth and soil health, as essential water cannot penetrate effectively. The relationship between soil compaction and water infiltration is fundamental for understanding soil management and its implications for land use and environmental conservation.