What is a major effect of agricultural runoff on soil?

Agricultural runoff has a significant impact on soil, primarily contributing to soil erosion. When rainwater or irrigation water carries away nutrients, sediments, and pesticides from fields, it can lead to the washing away of the topsoil. Topsoil is crucial for maintaining soil fertility and structure, as it contains essential nutrients and microorganisms. With the loss of topsoil, not only is the land less productive, but the soil structure can also deteriorate, leading to increased vulnerability to further erosion. Additionally, soil erosion disrupts the natural ecosystem and can lead to sedimentation in nearby waterways, impacting local habitats and water quality. Addressing agricultural runoff is vital in promoting sustainable soil management practices.